With a Geological Twist

The Medicine Lake Highlands

Northeastern California hosts the Medicine Lake volcano and the Lava Beds National Monument. This photograph of Cinder Butte in the Lava Beds National Monument shows the cinder cone and lava flow that formed during one of the last eruptions in the Monument.

The Lava Beds formed the last refuge for Captain Jack and the Modoc Native Band in 1872-1873 when the held off the United States Army for approximately five months.

The rock types in the the Medicine Lake Highlands range from basalt to rhyolite.

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Volcanic Petrology
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Magmatic Histories
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Cinder Cone, Modoc Lava Field

Introduction to Magmatic Histories

Magmatic histories describe the processes and conditions that led to the formation of a set of volcanic products at the surface of a planet. These processes and conditions occur below the planet's surface and must, perforce, be inferences derived from a combination of obervation and theory.

Theories derive from the basic laws that describe the operation of the Universe: Conservation of matter, including conservation of chemical species, Conservation of energy, and Conservation of momentum. Details of the techniques and methods used to make the inferences are described in parts one to four of the e-text. The e-text can be reached by clicking the Theory and Analysis button to the left.