With a Geological Twist

Computer-Based Utilities

You can download *.zip files that contain computer programs, spreadsheets, and power point presentations that augment the text that is available in the *.pdf files.

1. Biref.zip: This file contains a movie that lets you find the retardation of a crystal in a photomicrograph, find the wave normals for a particular birefringence, and estimate the precision of your estimate of a retardation value.

2. MichelLevy.zip: This file contains a movie that displays a Michel-Levy color strip with retardations that range from zero to 2400 nm. The color strip is included in several formats: MLevySpec.jpg, MLevySpec.pdf, MLevySpec.cdr, and MLevySpec.psd for those who want to construct charts with retardation as an axis.            
To run the two movies, you need the latest version of the Flash player from Adobe. You can download the Flash player by clicking on the icon:

 Get Macromedia Flash Player

To run the movies, open the *.html files with your favorite web browser.

3. Extinct.zip: This file contains a windows-executable file, Optics.exe, which you can use to calculate extinction angles. The program will run only on a PC or a windows partition. The program implements the procedures described in the *.pdf files and carries an extensive help system that can be accessed from inside the program.

4. Excel.zip: This file contains two spreadsheets. The first, Birefringence.xlsx, calculates the birefringence from the direction cosines of a known wave normal or you can elect to calculate the direction cosines from the known birefringence and a refractive index. These calculations come from equations derived by Wright (1923). The precision with which the birefringence can be calculated from the wave normal is strongly dependent on the precision with which the direction cosines are known. Usually, they should be known to at least five significant figures.
The second spreadsheet, MetricT.xlsx, calculates the angle between lattice planes, (h1k1l1) and (h2k2l2), or between lattice directions, [u1v1w1] and [u2v2w2]. The procedures use crystallography’s metric tensor (see Dyar, et al., 2008, Chapter 13.

5. PowerPnt.zip: This file contains a power point presentation describing the role birefringence can play in determining the orientation of biaxial crystal in thin section. I recommend you print the notes and read along as you go through the presentation.

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Canary Island Trachybasalt

The photomicrograph shows three phenocrysts of alkali amphibole cut approximately normal to the c-axis. Phenocrysts of alkali feldspar and opaque minerals, probably Fr-Ti oxides, accompany the amphiboles. Several microphenocrysts of amphibole, feldspar, and opaque minerals are also present.

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Volcanic Petrology
Theory and Analysis
    Characterization of Volcanic Rocks
    Mass Balance Constraints
    Thermodaynamic Modeling
    Classification of Igneous Rocks
    Statistical Tests of Mass Balance Constraints
  Current SelectionOptical Mineralogy
Magmatic Histories
Computer Programs
Studies of Rock Suites
Microphotograph Canary Islands

Optical Mineralogy

This page serves as a portal to a text on Advanced Mineralogy. The Portable Document Format (*.pdf) file contains the text and figures.Although the *.pdf file contains the latest revision, Chapters 8 and 9 are still incomplete and need to be revised, so read at yourown risk. The documents can be read on the screen or printed. To read and print the documents, your computer will have to have Adobe's Acrobat Reader. Adobe Acrobat Reader is furnished free of charge and you can obtain it by clicking on the following button:

Adobe Reader Link

The electronic documents can be downloaded to your computer by clicking the right mouse button when the cursor is over the underlined text fragments in the immediately following link:
OpticsBook.pdf
Computer programs, movies, spreadsheets, and power point documents that augment the text can be downloaded in *.zip files::
Biref.zip
MichelLevy.zip
Extinct.zip
Excel.zip
PowerPnt.zip
Instructions